Ye video, jo aap apne smartphone pe dekh rahe ho ye sab electricity ki madad se hi ho raha hai.
Electricity ka humari daily life mein bhot important role hai, smartphone se leke electric cars har, jaga bijli ka use ho raha hai. Electricity ek energy hai, ye 2 tarah ki hoti hai, static electricity aur dynamic electricity. Static yani fixed, yeh electricity ki ek aisi form hai jo kisi material ke surface par electrical charge ka imbalance se banti hai. Baarish ke dauran jo thunder lightning dekhte hain, vo isi wajah se hoti hai. Ghar mein use hone wala gas lighter static electricity ka ek accha example hai.
Humare gharon mein dynamic electricity use hoti hai. Jise aise bade power plants me kisi dusri energy se convert krke generate kia jata hai. Ye energy coal se nikli heat, suraj se aane vali solar radiation ya fir kisi dam me store kiye pani ke pressure se mili potential energy ho skati hai.
Hum aur humare aas paas ki cheezein, chote chote atoms se milkar bani hain. In atoms ke surface par kuch free electrons hote hai, jo randomly kisi bhi direction mein move ya vibrate karte hain. In electrons ko ek sath ek direction mein flow karane ke liye ek force ki zarurat hoti hai. Jise volatge bola jata hai. Jab bahut saare electrons ek direction mein move karte hain, toh usse current bol jata hain.
Bade bade power plants voltage ko generate karte hain jisse current flow ho paye , isse hi hum bijli kehte hain. Bijli, voltage ki madad se hi ek jagah se doosri jagah tak conductors ke through pohochti hai. Jitni zada voltage hogi bijli bhi utni dur tak pohochegi. Jaise hi bijli generte ki jati hai, vese hi instantlyuse kr li jati hai, Abhi apke ghr me aarhielericity kisi power plant me kuch mili seconds phele bani ho skti hai.
History
Bijli ke itihas ki baat karein toh sabse pehle static electricity ka data Girolamo Cardano ne collect kiya tha, jo electric aur magnetic forces ko apne kaam De Subtilitate (1550) mein shamil kiye. Lekin, 18th century tak pehla capacitor develop nahi hua tha jo Leyden bottle tha jo Ewald Georg Von Kleist aur Pieter Van Musschenbroek ne banaya tha.
Iske baad Benjamin Franklin ne 1752 mein ek famous experiment kiya jismein usne ek patang ki dor se ek chaabi latkayi aur use ek thunderstorm ke dauran udaayi. Bijli chaabi ke zariye guzri aur ek shock of light generate hua jisse yeh prove hua ki static electricity aur light ek hi cheez hain aur lightning bhi bijli ka ek form hai.
Agar hum poochhein ki bijli ka invention kisne kiya, toh yeh kehna zyada sahi hoga ki bijli ko kisne discover kiya. Bijli koi invention nahi hai balki ek set of physical phenomena hai. Modern bijli ka use jo hai wo Thomas Edison ke naam hota hai (1879) kyunki unhone ek incandescent light bulb ko energy se illuminate karne mein safalta paayi. Edison ne bijli ko discover nahi kiya par unhone Alessandro Volta ke voltaic pile (1800) ke kaam par building kiya.
Edison ne long-lasting electric current ko incandescent carbon filament ke zariye pass kiya aur is filament ko ek glass bell mein rakha, jisse illumination extend hua aur streets aur houses ko illuminate kiya. Electricity ka access human development aur economic progress ko drive karta hai. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) kehta hai ki yeh productivity, literacy, sanitation, basic services aur communication services par directly impact dalta hai.
Bijli ka sabse obvious proof uska impact hai GDP par. Jahan bijli consumption zyada hoti hai, wahan GDP growth rate bhi higher hota hai. Electricity economic activities jaise goods aur services production, communication, aur transport ke liye essential hai.
Bijli ka use innovation ko bhi drive karta hai, jo mankind ke development ke liye zaroori hai. 20th century mein digital revolution electricity ke increased use ke wajah se hi aayi.
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