Normal AC current cables mein hum copper ka istemal karte hai, lekin yeh sirf low voltage aur grounding ke liye best hota hai.
Long distance coverage ke liye high tension lines ko bnate hai Aluminum se kyuki ye light weight hoti hai, inki conductivity kisi aur material se better hai, aur inko banane aur install krne ka process bhi bhot sasta aur asan hai. Inn cables ko generally 50 se leke 180ft tak ki height ke poles pe fix krte hai.
Skin effect ek aisa phenomenon hai, jo alternating current ke high frequencies ke sath hota hai jaha current conductor ke surface ke paas concentrate ho jata hai, aur andar ke areas me kam flow hota hai. Ye current ko conductor ke total cross sectional area ke chhote part tak hi simith rehta hai isse conductor ki resistance badh jati hai.
Jab AC high frequency ke sath flow karta hai, to skin effect ke karan current surface ke paas hi zyada hota hai aur conductor ke andar kam hota hai. Iska matlab yeh hai ki current conductor ke chhote se area se guzar raha hota hai, jisse overall resistance badh jata hai.
High voltage transmission AC current lines ko kaafi conditions ko face krna padta hai jese bhot zada garmi ya winter season mein uske upar barf jamna. Agar humein proper insulation chahiye, toh humen ek bohot moti layer ki zaroorat hogi, jo wires ko aur zyada bhari bana degi. Jab hum wires pe zyada weight daalte hain, toh yeh wires stress ki wajah se jhukne lagti hain. Zyada bhari wires kam stable hoti hain aur unka conductivity level yani current flow krne ki shamta bhi kam ho jaati hai.
Wire ka heat ko dissipate yani release karna zaroori hai, taaki unki conductivity maintain rahe. Jabki thick insulation se heat ka dissipation mushkil ho jata hai. Agar wire ki insulation bohot moti ho, toh wire ke andar se heat nikalna mushkil ho jata hai, aur wires overheat ho sakti hain jiska effect directly power supply pe pad sakta hai.
Dusri taraf, uninsulated lines heat ko jaldi se nikal dete hain. Yeh quick heat loss wires ko thanda rakhta hai aur unki conductivity ko maintain karta hai.
Agar hum cost ki baat karein, toh hazaro Km lambi power lines ko insulate karna aur unko maintain krna bohot hi mehenga padega.
History
Home Electrical Systems
Aaj ki modern technology ne humare jeevan ko asaan aur behtar banane ke liye kai cheezein di hain. Ek ahem cheez jo technology ke advancement ka hissa hai, wo hai bijli. Aaj kal har industry bijli par depend karti hai kyunki yeh devices ko chalane mein madad karti hai jo business ke liye zaroori hain.
Gharon mein bhi bijli ka istemal hota hai, lekin bahut kam log hain jo bijli ke itihaas ya gharon mein bijli ke pehle upyog ke bare mein jaante hain. Agar aap bhi soch rahe hain ki bijli ka istemal kaise shuru hua aur yeh kahan se aayi, to yeh padhai aapko achha lag sakti hai.
Bijli Ka Khoj Kaise Hua?
Bijli ek prakritik bal hai, isliye kisi ne ise invent nahi kiya. Lekin ise samajhne aur sahi tareeke se istemal karne ke liye, iski khoj ki gayi. Bahut se log bijli ki khoj ka credit Benjamin Franklin ko dete hain. History kehti hai ki Benjamin Franklin apne samay ke sabse bade scientific minds me se ek the.
Us waqt tak, scientists ne static electricity par research ki thi. Benjamin Franklin ne is research ko aage badhaya aur kaha ki bijli tabhi generate hoti hai jab negative aur positive elements hote hain jo electrical energy ko flow karne dete hain. Unke hisaab se, bijli jo lightning ke roop mein hoti hai, wahi flowing electricity hai.
Benjamin Franklin Ka Lightning Experiment
Benjamin Franklin ka mashhoor kite experiment 1752 mein hua. Unka maqsad yeh prove karna tha ki lightning bhi bijli hai. Iske liye, unhone ek thunderstorm ke dauran ek patang udaayi aur patang ke dhage par ek metal key bandhi. Unhe laga ki key bijli ko conduct karegi. Sach mein, bijli patang ke dhage se niche aayi aur unhe ek electric jolt laga.
Franklin Ke Lightning Test Se Pehle Bijli Ki Knowledge
Yeh sabit hai ki bijli ke bare mein pata lagane se pehle bhi bijli ke bare mein jankari thi. Lagbhag 600 BC mein, ek Greek Thales ne dekha ki amber (a type of fossilized tree resin) feathers aur dusre light objects ko attract karta hai jab use silk se ragda jaata hai.
Greek mein amber ko ‘ëlectron’ kehte hain, aur isi se ‘electricity’ aur ‘electron’ shabd aaye. William Gilbert, jo Queen Elizabeth l ke physician aur scientist the 1600s mein, ne electricity ka term coin kiya aur electricity aur magnetism ke beech sambandh ko samjha. Gilbert ne pehli baar Earth ke magnetic field ke bare mein detail diya. 1700s mein, static electricity produce karne wale machines develop hui. Shuru mein yeh machines fun ke liye thi aur ‘parlor trick machines’ kehte the, lekin time ke sath inhe sudhara gaya aur develop kiya gaya.
Francis Hauksbee ne neon light ka invention kiya. Unhone mercury ko ek glass globe mein daala, air ko pump kiya aur spin kiya. Raat ko isse rub karne par ek glow effect dekha.
AC current Aur DC Bijli Ke Beech Ki Takraar
Jald hi, bijli United States ke kai hisson mein available hone lagi. Lekin tab, bijli direct current (DC current) system ke roop mein thi jo Thomas Edison aur General Electric ne banaya tha, jabki alternating current (AC current) us waqt zyada common tha.
Nikola Tesla, jo Thomas Edison ke students me se ek the, ne kaha ki AC current superior hai kyunki yeh power ko efficiently lower ya higher voltages mein transform karne ki suvidha deta hai. Edison ne Tesla ki theory ko mana kiya aur DC ko promote kiya, aur AC current ko users ke liye hazardous bataya. Yeh dono ke beech ki takraar peak par tab pohchi jab George Westinghouse ne Chicago World’s Fair ke liye electricity provide karne ka competition jeeta, jahan General Electric bhi participate kar raha tha.
AC current ko supply karna asaan tha aur isliye yeh dheere-dheere United States ke standard form of energy ban gaya.
Electric Light Bulbs Ka Invention
Bijli ka practical use develop karne mein scientists ko kuch time laga. 19th century ke end tak, kuch brilliant scientists ne electrical applications develop karna shuru kiya.
Ek aisa hi scientist Thomas Edison the, jinhone 1879 mein pehla electric bulb invent kiya jo reasonable time ke liye chal sakta tha. Yeh gharon mein ek nayi luxury ban gayi thi. Iska common method installation tha, jahan log generators ke through home electricity create karte the.
Ek example White House ka tha jo 1891 mein electrical lighting se se saja tha aur yeh pair of generators se powered tha. Majama hai ki president aur unki wife light switches ko touch nahi kar paate the kyunki unhe dar tha ki electrocuted ho sakte hain. Yeh kaam unki ek personnel ko diya gaya.
Insull Ki Zindagi Ki Ambition
Power stations major cities mein lagne lage, lekin unmein se kai sirf kuch city blocks ko hi sustain kar sakti thi. Samuel Insull ne Thomas Edison ke saath personal secretary ke roop mein kaam kiya, lekin 1892 mein chhod diya taaki wo electric industry par apna impact daal sake.
Insull ne Chicago Edison ke saath apna career shuru kiya jo electrical power produce aur distribute karta tha. Unhone bade scale par operations ko kaafi kam cost par karna shuru kiya. Insull ne high voltage transmission lines ka istemal karke electricity ko neighboring communities aur baad mein rural areas tak pahunchaya. Isse electricity wealthy aur ordinary people dono ke liye available hui. Insull ne consumers ke liye electricity pricing ko bhi badla jo average consumption ke pricing se alag tha.
Yeh kaam karne se rural areas ko bhi energy sources milte rahe. Insull ko power industry ke sabse successful businessman ke roop mein jaana gaya. Lekin 1929 mein Great Depression ke start hone ke baad, unki businesses aur wealth bhi prabhavit hui.
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