Sodium-ion aur lithium-ion batteries ka physical structure same hota hai.
But sodium ion battery me cobalt ke bajaye Sodium ka use hota hai, jo earth ke crust, oceans ke salty water aur namak mein paya jata hai. Iski extraction aur refinement bhi kafi easy hai aur ye kafi sal se ho hi rahi hai. Sodium-ion batteries mein current collect karne ke liye aluminum plates use hoti hain, Jo ki firse, kafi sasta material hai. Yahi 2 reason ki vajah se Sodium ion batteries ki mass production cost lithium ion se bhot kam ho jaegi.
Ek Lithium ion battery, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide se bani hoti hai. Isme use hone wala, 70% cobalt Democratic Republic of Congo se aata hai jiske sath already bhot sare issues hai. Current ko collect karne ke liye lithium-ion batteries mein copper plates use hoti hain. jiski energy density zada hoti, isse ye kisi dusri battery ke mukable zada energy store kr pati hai.
Sath hi sath, sodium ioN batteries high aur low temperatures mein bhi achi performance deti hain. Inhe zero volts tak discharge kiya ja sakta hain. Inme aag lagne ka khatra bhi kafi kam hota hai. Issi ki vajah se aap in batteries kko 3C rate par charge kakre battery ko sirf 20 minutes mein 100% charge kar sakte ho. sodium ion batteries ko 2000 se 3000 bar recharge kiya ja skta hai.Par, Sodium ion battery ki energy density, lithium-ion battery ke mukable kam hoti hai, iss vajah se ek same capacity ki battery ke liye inka size lithium ion battery ke mukable zada hota hai.
Sodium-ion batteries banane ki production technology abhi bhi development ke early stages mein hai. Iski cost abhi lithium batteries se zada hai, Kam cost ho jane ki vajah se sodium ion batteries bade energy storage applications ke liye ek perfect choice ho sakti hai.
History
Ek electrochemical device jise battery kaha jata hai, chemical energy ko electrical energy mein tabdeel karta hai redox processes ke zariye. Hum is process ko ulta bhi kar sakte hain, yani electrical energy ko chemical energy mein badal sakte hain. Battery ek ya zyada electrochemical cells se milkar bani hoti hai, jisme ek electrolyte, do electrodes (anode aur cathode), aur kuch anya components hote hain.
Cathode positive electrode hota hai aur yahan reduction hoti hai, jabki anode negative electrode hota hai aur yahan oxidation hoti hai. Electrolyte electric current ko electrodes ke external circuit ke zariye behetne mein madad karta hai, aur ions ko electrodes ke beech transfer karne mein asani hoti hai.
Batteries ko primary ya secondary mein classify kiya jata hai. Primary batteries ka istemal hone ke baad dispose kar diya jata hai aur inhe refill nahi kiya ja sakta.
1930s mein Baghdad, Iraq ke paas Khuyut Rabbou’a ke aas-paas kuch ajeeb objects mile the, jinhe aaj kal Baghdad Battery kaha jata hai. Yeh objects lagbhag 200 BCE ke aas-paas ke maane jate hain aur yeh sabse pehle ke batteries ke roop mein jaane jate hain.
Har Baghdad Battery mein ek copper cylinder hoti hai jo ek 13 cm unchi clay jar ke andar hoti hai, aur isse bitumen (asphalt) se thaam kar rakha jata hai. Is copper container ke andar ek oxidized iron rod hoti hai
Yeh structure ek simple galvanic cell ki tarah dikhai deta hai. Agar is jar mein electrolyte, jaise lemon juice ya vinegar, daala jaye, toh jab jar ko electrolytic solution se bhara jata hai, copper aur iron electrodes ke roop mein kaam karte hain aur yeh maana jata hai ki isse electric current produce hoga.
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