Apko ye to pta hi hoga ki UV rays kitni khatarnak hoti hai, But ye humari skin ke kese damage krti hai aur isse kese bach sakte hai?
Aiye samjhte hai
UV yani Ultraviolet light, ye light electromagnetic radiation ke jese hi behave krti hai. Jo sun rays mein present hoti hai. Jab sunlight earth ke surface tak pohochti hai, toh yeh 3 types ke radiation se bani hoti hai: infrared radiation, jo sunlight ko garmi deta hai; visible light, jo hume dekhne mein madad krti hai; aur UV light, ek esa radiation jo na hum mehsoos kr sakte hai, aur na dekh sakte hai.
Sun se damaging effects ke mamle mein UV rays ek major role play krti hai. UV 2 types ke hote hai, jo humari earth tak pohochti hai, UVA aur UVB. Yeh dono types ke UV skin ko nuksan pohocha sakte hai. Lekin alag alag tareeke se.
Inn dono mein se UVB sabse zada damaging form of UV radiation hoti hai. Ye sunburn ka karan banti hai, aur isse skin cancer ka khatra bhi badhta hai.
Skin ki upper layer ko epidermis kehte hai. Sun ki visible light epidermis se reflect hoti hai, lekin UVB skin ke andar penetrate kr jati hai. Epidermis mein, UVB cells ke sath DNA react hoke damage hota hai. Humari skin cells DNA damage ko repair karne mein capable hote hai, lekin time ke sath agar kaafi DNA damage ho jaye toh, skin cancer ban sakte hai.
Epidermis mein melanocytes naam ke cells hote hai. Jab skin cells UV se damage hote hai, toh melanocytes ek dark melanin naam ka pigment release karte hai. Melanin UV light ko absorb kr lete hai. Yeh ke UV shield ki tarah kaam krke body ko UV se bachta hai.
Lekin melanin UVB se skin damage ko completely nhi rok pata. Sunburn mein UVB skin ko itna zada damage kr deti hai ki skin cells dead ho jate hai, aur skin ki upper layer peel off ho jaati hai. Dead cells inflammation ko trigger krte hai, jo skin ko red hot aur painful bana deta hai.
UVA bhi skin cancer ka risk bada sakta hai, lekin ye mainly skin aging ko accelerate krta hai. UVA deep skin layer yani dermis tak infiltrate ho sakta hai. Dermis ke andar collagen naam ke molecules hote hai, jo ek structure banate hai jisse skin ko support aur elasticity milti hai. Yeh structure apki skin ko strong aur flexible banane mein madad krta hai.
Taki aap apni skin ko kheech bhi sako aur vo wapis apni jage pe ajaye. UVA issi collagen structure ko damage krta hai, jo skin ki elasticity kam krta hai, jisse skin pe wrinkles bhi aa jate hai.
Ab baat krte hai ki aap inn dono radiations se kese bach sakte ho. UV rays se bachne ke liye aap sunscreen ka use kr sakte ho. Sunscreen, UV rays ko ya to absorb krti ya usse reflect krke wapis bhej deti hai. Sunscreen ke mixture mein do molecules hote hai: octinoxate jo UVA ko absorb krta hai, aur avobenzone jo UVB ko absorb krta hai.
Market mein milne wale Sabhi sunscreen mein SPF rating hoti hai, yani UVB rays se protection ki rating. Ek normal SPF 15, 93% UVB se protection deta hai. SPF ka mtlab ye sif UBV se hi protection dega, make sure ki ap jo sunscreen le rahe ho uss pe UVA se protection ka bhi meintion ho.
History
UV Rays ke Nuksan ke Praman
UV rays ke nuksan ki shuruaat tab hui jab scientists arc lamps ke saath kaam kar rahe the. 1843 mein, Fizeau aur Foucault ne carbon arc lamp ke saath experiment karne ke baad aankhon mein kuch problems ka zikr kiya aur suspect kiya ki ye chemical rays ke karan ho sakta hai. 1859 mein Charcot ne dekha ki arc lamps se skin burns hote hain aur unhone bhi isse chemical rays ka asar samjha.
1889 mein, Maklakoff ne report kiya ki welders ko high intensity welding arcs ke exposure se aankhon aur skin mein irritation hoti hai. Unhone dekha ki isse acute flu-like symptoms, erythema (skin redness), pain, aur delayed pigmentation ka progression hota hai.
1889 mein, Widmark ne apne landmark studies se confirm kiya ki arc lamps se UV rays skin burns ke zimmedar hain. Unhone dikhaya ki burns carbon arc lamp se nikle chemical rays se hote hain, jo prism ke through transmit hote hain aur heat rays ko remove karne ke liye water se filter kiye jaate hain. Unhone yeh bhi dikhaya ki agar lamplight ko window glass ke through filter kiya jaye, toh burns nahi hote, jo indicate karta hai ki rays jo 320 nm se kam hain, wo primary culprits hain. 1891 mein, Hammer ne is research ko aage badhate hue dikhaya ki chemical rays aur heat rays mein farq hota hai. Unhone bataya ki heat rays se skin ka redness jaldi aata hai aur exposure ke baad jaldi chala jata hai, jabki chemical rays se redness thodi der baad aati hai, persistent hoti hai, aur desquamation (skin loss) aur pigmentation ke saath hoti hai. In findings ko 1927 mein Hausser aur Vahle ne confirm kiya aur erythema aur pigmentation ke liye pehla detailed action spectra produce kiya.
Dusre researchers ne bhi sunlight ke chemical rays se skin mein hone wale changes document kiye. 1885 mein, Unna ne dekha ki sun-exposed skin zyada thick hoti hai aur enhanced keratinization dikhati hai. 1890-92 ke dauran, Berliner aur Wolters ne declare kiya ki chemical rays sunburn, xeroderma pigmentosum, aur Hutchinson’s summer eruptions ke zimmedar hain. 1894 tak, Unna ko yakin ho gaya ki UV aur shayad violet-blue rays of sunlight skin thickness, pigmentation, aur skin cancer ke liye responsible hain, khaaskar sailors ke case mein. 1896 mein, Dubreuilh ne report kiya ki outdoor (rural) occupations wale log indoor (urban) occupations wale logon se zyada prone hain skin cancer ke liye.
Kuch log sunburn ke liye unusually susceptible bhi paaye gaye. 1886 mein, Veiel ne ek case report kiya jahan ek aurat window glass ke through sunburned ho gayi. Kyunki woh red veil se protect ho rahi thi, Veiel ne conclude kiya ki ye sun’s chemical rays ke karan hua. 1898 mein, Anderson ne report kiya ki do patients jo seasonal sunburn (hydroa aestivale) dikhate the, unki urine mein ek unusual porphyrin-like pigment tha. Ehrman ne suggest kiya ki ye pigment hematoporphyrin ho sakta hai, lekin Günther ne noted ki sabhi patients jinke paas porphyrinuria thi, wo light-sensitive nahi the. 1913 mein Meyer-Betz ne hematoporphyrin ke photosensitizing properties ko confirm kiya apne aap ko administer karke.
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