Kya apne socha hai ki sea ya river me Bridge ke pillars kaise lgaye jate hai?
Ek bridge ko paani ke upar banane ke teen tareeke hote hain. Pehla tareeka hai cofferdams. Is method mein jahan par bridge ka pillar banana hota hai, ussi jagah ek temporary structure tayar kiya jata hai jo pillar ki zameen ko puri tarike se cover kar leta hai. Ye ek wall hoti hai jise pani ko rokne ke liye banate hain. Uske baad pump ki madad se paani ko bahar nikal kar uss jagah ko puri tarike se sukha liya jata hai. Uske baad bridge ke pillar ko banane ka process shuru hota hai. Pillar ban jane ke baad iss structure ko dheere dheere hata diya jata hai.
Dusra Tareeka hai Battered piles method. Isme ek ready-made pillar type structure hote hain, jise kam paani wale area mein use kiya jata hai. Battered piles vertically nahi, balki slightly inclined angle mein lagaaye jate hain. Inhe chote bridges banane ke liye use kiya jata hai. Aur inhe paani ke neeche ki zameen ke andar tak fix kar diya jata hai. Phir inke upar bridge ki construction ki jati hai.
Tisra tareeka hai caissons method. Ye asal mein rectangular ya cylindrical shape ke bade concrete blocks hote hain jinhe pillar banane wali jagah par pehle se bana kr laya jata hai. Inhe fix karne ke baad blocks ke andar mojood paani ko motor ki madad se bahar nikal liya jata hai. Phir zameen ke sukhne ke baad Block ke andar se excavation kiya jata hai, jisse caisson apne weight ke neeche dhasta rehta hai. Jaise-jaise ye neeche dhata haii, aur sections add kiye jate hain jab tak desired depth nahi mil jati. Uske baat iske base ko seal kar dete hain, aur phir caisson ko concrete se bhar dete hain.jiske upar baaad me bridge ke pillars banaye jate hai.
History
Pehle ke bridge designs kaafi simple aur utilitarian the, jo natural materials jaise logs, vines, aur animal hides se banaye gaye the. Pehle ke bridges, jaise Egypt, Mesopotamia, aur India mein banaye gaye the, logs aur planks ka use karke rivers aur streams ke across simple crossings banate the.
Concrete ka use bhi purane samay se hota aaya hai, khaaskar Romans ne, jo isse stones ke saath combine karke apne architectural designs mein use karte the. Yeh technique unki structures ko zyada stable aur durable banane mein madad karti thi. Concrete ne stones ko bind karne ke liye mortar ke roop mein bhi kaam kiya aur ek strong aur versatile foundation ke roop mein bhi. Romans ne advanced bridges designs bhi develop kiye, jaise stone arch bridges, jo lambe aur durable spans ko support karta tha, jise Pont du Gard in France, ek Roman aqueduct hai jo aaj bhi khada hai.
Middle Ages ke dauran bridges design mein aur improvements hui engineering aur construction techniques mein advancements ke saath. Europe mein wooden truss bridges popular huye jisme king post aur queen post truss designs aaye jo longer spans aur greater load-bearing capacity ke liye allow karte the. Masonry arch bridges ka development bhi continue hua.
19th century mein Industrial Revolution ke saath, steel processing technologies develop hui jisse steel ka use construction mein bada. Engineers aur architects naye designs ke saath experiment karne lage, jaise suspension bridges, jo longer spans aur greater heights ko support kar sakte the. New York City ka Brooklyn Bridge jo 1883 mein complete hua is naye era ka prime example hai iski innovative steel cables aur gothic inspired architecture ke saath.
20th century mein bridges design aur evolve hua technology aur materials ke advancements ke saath. Isse slender aur material-efficient cable-supported bridges banaye ja sakte the, jo pehle ke distances aur depths ko span kar sakte the. 20th century ki engineering excellence ka finest example hai Akashi Kaikyo Bridges in Japan, jo uss waqt ka longest suspension span structure tha. Computer modeling aur simulation ke advancements ne precise aur efficient design ko allow kiya hai jisme Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, jo 2018 mein complete hua aur duniya ka longest sea crossing bridges hai, 55 kilometers span karta hai aur typhoons aur earthquakes ko withstand karne ke liye innovative engineering solutions ka use karta hai.
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