Aap sabko 30 aur 31 July 2012 ka blackout yaad to hoga hi, jab pure North India mein 13 ghante ke liye bijli chali gayi thi. Jo duniya ka sabse bada blackout bhi bana. Lekin kya aapko iske piche ki wajah pata hai?
Aaiye, isko detail mein samajhte hain. India mein 400 se bhi zyada electricity production power plants hain.
Before 1960 states mein sirf local power plants the jisse wiring ke through power supply ki jati thi. Lekin 1960 mein 5 power grids banaye gaye, jo power plants se lines ke zariye aane wali supply ko central distribution center mein bhejte hain, jo sub stations se connected hote hain. 2012 tak, in 5 grids mein se 4 aapas mein interconnected thi.
India ki power grids ko 5 regions mein divide kiya gaya hai: Northern grid, Eastern grid, North Eastern grid, Western grid, aur Southern grid. 2012 tak, Southern region ki grid alag frequency par kaam karti thi, isliye baaki 4 grids aapas mein interconnected thi. In grids ko handle karne ka kaam Power Grid Corporation of India Limited karti thi.
Toh itne powerful grids hone ke bawajood bhi yeh fail kaise hui? Iska reason tha high demand of electricity. July ka mahina garmi ka peak season hota hai, jisme gharon, offices, aur hospitals mein ACs kaafi zyada chalu hote hain. Is wajah se supply demand se zyada ho gayi.
Baarish kam hone ki wajah se hydro plants bhi kam bijli bana rahe the, jisse power supply demanded supply se 9% tak kam ho gayi. 30 July 2012 ki raat 2:30 baje, Bina se Gwalior jaane wali line mein zyada demand ke karan power kam hone laga.
Safety circuits ne in lines ko band kar diya taaki grids ko bacha sakein, jisse is line se aage jaane wali lines bhi overload hone ke karan band hoti gayi. Jab tak inhe repair kiya ja raha tha, tab Agra mein 31 July ko ek bada equipment failure hua, jisse poore Northern grids par load pada aur wo ek ek karke fail hone lagi.
Isse dheere dheere poora North region blackout ho gaya. Northern grid, Eastern grid, North Eastern grid, aur Western grid aapas mein connected thi, isliye band pad gayi. Sirf Southern grid bachi rahi kyunki wo baaki grids se connected nahi thi, jisse sirf Southern region mein bijli aati rahi.
Is event ne 22 states aur 2 Union Territories ko affect kiya, jahan lagbhag 620 million log bijli ke bina rahe gaye, jo ki duniya ki lagbhag 9% population thi.
Iske baad, 2013 mein Power Grid Corporation of India Limited ne Southern grid ki frequency ko baaki grids ki frequency se match karke interconnect kar diya aur isko national grid bhi declare kiya, taaki power grids par zyada load na pade aur aise blackouts dobara na ho.
Aur kuch important baatein bhi dhyan dene layak hain
Coordination Failure: Power grid management ke beech coordination ki kami bhi ek mukhya karan tha is blackout ka. States aur regional grids ke beech proper communication aur coordination ka abhaav tha.
Infrastructure Issues: India ke kuch power infrastructure purane aur outdated the. Is wajah se inmein breakdown hone ki sambhavana zyada thi.
Grid Code Violations: Kuch states ne grid discipline aur operational limits ko follow nahi kiya. States apne overload ko kam karne ke liye unauthorized power withdrawal kar rahe the, jisse situation aur bigad gayi.
Preventive Measures: Is incident ke baad power sector mein kayi reforms implement kiye gaye. Grid management ke protocols ko strict kiya gaya aur smart grid technology ko adopt karne pe zyada zor diya gaya.
Training and Simulation: Grid operators ko better training aur regular simulation exercises provide karne ka nishchay kiya gaya, taki future mein aise crisis se nipatne ke liye unki taiyari behtar ho.
In sab points ko dhyan mein rakhte hue, yeh samajhna zaruri hai ki energy sector mein continuous monitoring aur timely upgrades kitna zaruri hai, taki aise events dobara na ho.
Apko ye sunke acha nhi lagega ki India ke engineers ne warn kiya hai ki 2024 mein chalti heatwaves aur zada power consumption ki waje se esa blackout dubara dekhne ko mil sakta hai.
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