Incandescent aur LED bulbs. Lekin inn dono mein farak kya hai aur lene ke liye best konsa hai?
Incandescent bulb ke andar ek patli si wire hoti hai, jo uske glass ke bahar se hi dekhi ja skti hai. Iss waire ko filament bhi kehte hai. Aur ye tungsten naam ke metal se bani hoti hai Jab current filament flow hota hai toh, tungsten ki higher resistance properties ki waje uske andar flow ho rahe current mein heat generate hoti hai. Jisse uska temperature 121℃ tak pohoch jata hai. Itne extreme temperature pe isme se 98% tak radiation emit hota hai.
Ye radiation infrared region mein emit hota hai, jisse hum dekh nhi sakte. Aur isme se nikalne wala sirf 2% radiation hi hume dekh pate hai. Iss filament ko glass ke andar argon ya nitrogen jessi gases se fill krke vacuum seal kra jata hai. Esa filaament ko oxidation se bachane ke liye krte hai, jisse bulb aag nhi pakadta. Ab baat krte hai LED bulbs ki, LED bulb ko ye naam inke andar use hone vale chote chote LED yani light emitting diode ki vajh se mila hai, ye incandescent light bulbs se 90% zada efficient hote hai.
LED ke andar do layers hoti hain – ek side pe positive charge wale particles, jine majority carriers kehte hai, aur dusri side pe, negative charge wale particles yani minority carriers hote hai. Jab isme se current flow hota hai, yeh particles apas mein milte hain. Yeh energy photons, roshni ke chote-chote particles ke form me release hoti hai. Yeh photons hi LED se light ke roop me bahar aate hain. Aur ye 85℃ tak ki heat release krte hai, jo incadescent bulb se kaafi kam hai. LED bulbs alag alag colors bhi emit krte hai, jabki ek normal incandescent bulb sirf yellow color hi emit krta hai.
Efficiency mein ek average incandescent bulb 60 watts tak ki electricity consume krta hai, aur dusri jaga LED bulb sirf 10 watts tak ki bijli use krta hai. Iss waje se LED bulb zada efficient hote hai. Lekin LED bulbs ki long life hone ke karan ye zada preferable hai.Pricing ke mamle mein LED bulb ek traditional incandescent bulb se zada mehnga hota hai. But aaj ki date me ye moass production ki vaja se incandescent blub se saste ho gye hai.
History of bulbs
In 1802, Humphry Davy ne pehla electric light invent kiya. Usne electricity ke saath experiment kiya aur ek electric battery banayi. Jab usne battery ke wires ko ek carbon ke tukde se connect kiya, to carbon glow hone laga aur light produce hui. Is invention ko Electric Arc lamp kehte hain. Lekin, ye light zyada der tak nahi chalti thi aur bohot zyada bright thi, isliye ye practical use ke liye theek nahi thi.
Agle saat dashakon mein, dusre inventors ne bhi “light bulbs” banaye, lekin koi bhi design commercial use ke liye nahi aayi. Ek khaas design 1840 mein British scientist Warren de la Rue ne banayi, jisne platinum filament ko ek vacuum tube mein encase kiya aur usme electric current pass kiya. Platinum ka high melting point high temperatures ko withstand kar sakta tha aur vacuum chamber mein kam gas molecules hote the jo platinum se react karte, jisse bulb ki longevity badhti. Lekin platinum ke high cost ki wajah se ye design commercial production ke liye impractical thi.
1850 mein, English physicist Joseph Wilson Swan ne ek “light bulb” banaya, jo carbonized paper filaments ko ek evacuated glass bulb mein enclose karke banaya gaya tha. 1860 tak Swan ke paas ek working prototype tha, lekin vacuum aur electricity supply ke issues ki wajah se bulb ka lifetime bahut short tha. 1870s mein better vacuum pumps available hue aur Swan ne apne light bulb experiments ko continue kiya. 1878 tak, Swan ne ek long-lasting light bulb develop kiya, jo treated cotton thread use karta tha aur bulb blackening ke problem ko bhi solve karta tha.
24 July 1874 ko, Toronto ke medical electrician Henry Woodward aur unke colleague Mathew Evans ne ek Canadian patent file kiya. Unhone carbon rods ko electrodes ke beech rakh kar glass cylinders mein nitrogen se bhar diya. Woodward aur Evans ne apne lamp ko commercialize karne ki koshish ki, lekin wo successful nahi hue. Unhone apne patent ko 1879 mein Edison ko bech diya.
1878 mein, Thomas Edison ne ek practical incandescent lamp develop karne par serious research shuru ki. 14 October 1878 ko Edison ne “Improvement In Electric Lights” ke liye apna pehla patent application file kiya. Lekin, usne apne original design ko improve karne ke liye metal filaments ke liye kai types of materials test kiye aur 4 November 1879 ko, Edison ne ek aur U.S. patent file kiya jo “carbon filament or strip coiled and connected … to platina contact wires” ke baare mein tha.
Patent mein carbon filament ko create karne ke kai methods described kiye gaye the, jaise “cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways.” Lekin, patent grant hone ke kuch mahine baad Edison aur unki team ne discover kiya ki carbonized bamboo filament 1200 hours se zyada chal sakta hai. Ye discovery commercially manufactured light bulbs ke shuruaat ki nishani thi aur 1880 mein, Thomas Edison ki company, Edison Electric Light Company ne apne naye product ko market karna shuru kiya.
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