Thin film solar panels kya hote hain? Kya ye bhi normal solar panels ki tarah hi hote hain? Aaiye samajhte hain
Ye ek amazing technology hai jo solar energy ko aur bhi accessible aur affordable banati hai. Thin film solar panels ko hum thin film photovoltaic cells bhi bolte hain. Ye lightweight, flexible, aur recyclable hote hain. Inko manufacture karna cheap aur asaan hai. Ye ek normal crystalline silicon panel se zyada recyclable hain kyunki inko mostly plastic se banaya jata hai.
Thin film solar panels banane mein special printers ka use hota hai, jo photovoltaic cells ko print karte hain. Ye photovoltaic cells semiconductor material se bante hain, jo sunlight ko directly electricity mein convert karte hain. Isko banane ke process mein ek translucent film ka istemal hota hai, jisme printer is film pe photovoltaic lines ko print karta hai. Film ke upar print hone ki wajah se ye kaafi patle aur flexible hote hain, aur inko easily fold bhi kiya ja sakta hai. Ek thin film solar cell around 1 ya 2 watts tak ki hi power produce karta hai.
Market mein thin film solar panels easily available hain. Aur ye dusre solar panels se saste hote hai par inko efficiency generally 7% se lekar 12% tak hoti hai. Jo ko mono ya polycrystalline solar panels kafi kam hai. Issi liye ye bade, commercial aur industrial rooftops par hi lagaye jate hai.
Agar aaj ki date mein aapko ghar mein solar panels lagane hain, toh crystalline silicon solar panels best hain kyunki inki durability bahut achi hoti hai aur efficiency bhi 15-23% hoti hai.
History
1883 mein New York ke inventor Charles Fritts ne pehla solar cell banaya tha, jismein selenium ko ek patli layer of gold se coat kiya gaya tha. Fritts ne report kiya tha ki is selenium module se jo current milta hai, wo “lagatar, constant, aur kafi zor se hota hai.” Is cell ki energy conversion rate 1 se 2 percent ke aas-paas thi. Aaj kal ke modern solar cells 15 se 20 percent efficiency se kaam karte hain. Toh Fritts ne ek aisa solar cell banaya jo efficiency mein kam tha lekin phir bhi ye America mein photovoltaic solar panel innovation ki shuruaat thi.
Photovoltaic yaani ki photoelectric jo ek technical term hai jo, light energy ko electricity mein convert karne ke process ko describe karta hai. Ye term Italian physicist aur chemist Alessandro Volta ke naam par rakha gaya hai. Jo electricity aur power ke pioneer the.
Sirf kuch saalon baad, 1888 mein, inventor Edward Weston ne do patents liye for solar cells – U.S. Patent 389,124 aur U.S. Patent 389,425. In patents mein, Weston ne propose kiya ki “sun se prapt radiant energy ko electrical energy mein convert kiya jaye, ya electrical energy ko mechanical energy mein badla jaye.” Is process mein, light energy ko ek lens (f) ke zariye solar cell (a) par focus kiya jata hai. Yeh solar cell ek thermopile hai, jo ki alag-alag metals se bana hota hai aur thermal energy ko electrical energy mein convert karta hai. Jab light is solar cell ko heat karti hai, to electrons release hote hain aur current flow karta hai. Yahan par light heat banati hai, jo electricity generate karti hai; yeh incandescent bulb ke bilkul ulta hai, jo electricity ko heat mein convert karta hai aur phir light generate karta hai.
Usi saal, ek Russian scientist Aleksandr Stoletov ne pehla solar cell banaya jo photoelectric effect par based tha. Photoelectric effect tab hota hai jab light ek material par girti hai aur electrons release hote hain. Yeh effect pehli baar German physicist Heinrich Hertz ne observe kiya tha. Hertz ne discover kiya ki ultraviolet light se zyada power generate hoti hai compared to visible light. Aaj kal ke solar cells photoelectric effect ka use karke sunlight ko power mein convert karte hain.
1894 mein, American inventor Melvin Severy ne patents 527,377 aur 527,379 liye for “Apparatus for mounting and operating thermopiles” aur “Apparatus for generating electricity by solar heat.” Dono patents early solar cells ke concepts par based the jo photoelectric effect ke discovery par based the. Pehla patent “solar heat ke action se electricity generate karne” ke liye tha aur yeh ek constant electric current produce karta tha daily aur annual movements of the sun ke dauran, isse thermopile ko sun ke movement ke according adjust karne ki zaroorat nahi padti thi. Severy ka doosra patent 1889 se bhi tha, jo sun ke thermal energy ko electricity, heat aur light produce karne ke liye use karta tha. Ye “thermo piles,” jo aaj hum solar cells kehte hain, ek standard par mount kiye gaye the jo unhe vertical direction mein control karne ki suvidha deta tha aur ek turntable par bhi mount kiye gaye the, jo unhe horizontal plane mein move karne ki suvidha deta tha. Patent mein likha gaya, “In dono movements ka combination se, pile ka face din ke har samay aur saal ke har season mein suraj ke opposite maintain kiya ja sakta hai.”
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