Apne movies mein ya asaman mein udate fighter jets toh dekhe hi honge, per ye jets bhi to ek plane hi hai, toh fir inki awas commercial planes se zada kyu hoti hai?
Fighter jets ko unki high speed aur tezz awas se jana jata hai. Inn jets ki awas 140 decibels tak pohoch sakti hai, permanent hearing damage bhi kr sakti hai. Iski itni tezz awas ka karan hai, iska special design. Inn jets ko zada se zada hawa ko khichne ke liye design kra hota hai.
Engine ke front par jo fan dikhai deta hai, woh hawa ko khichta hai, aur compressor mein bhejta hai. Fir compressor hawa ke pressure ko 12 times tak badha deta hai. Ye compressoed air phir combustion chamber mein jaati hai. Combustion chamber mein ye hawa fuel ke sath mix hoke ignite ho jati hai. Isse jo gas banti hai vo engine ke piche lage exhaust se kaafi pressure se nikalti hai, aur jet ko propel yani aage dhakelti hai.
Jet engine ke piche afterburners ka bhi use hota hai jo jet ko extra thrust provide krta hai. Aur commercial planes mein aftertburners nhi hote tabhi vo jet ke mukable kam awas krte hai. Jet engines kaam karte hain large amounts of air ko draw karke usse fuel ke saath mix karke combust karne ke baad ek hot gas generate karte hain jo aircraft ko propel karti hai.
Fighter jets mein low-bypass jet engines lagaye jaate hain jo supersonic speeds (yaani speed of sound se zyada) achieve kar sakte hain. In engines ke saath aksar afterburners bhi hote hain jo speed aur thrust ko kaafi zyada badha dete hain jisse fighter jets ka bahut hi loud sound produce hota hai.
Aur issi process ki waje se jet bhot zada load hote hai.
I hope apko samjhe aya hoga ki kyu fighter jets itne loud hote hai.
History
Wright Brothers ki Aviation History mein Ahmiyat
1900 se 1902 ke beech, Wright Brothers—Wilbur aur Orville Wright, jo Dayton, Ohio se the—ne kai glider aur kite models design aur test kiye. Unhone ek wind tunnel banaya aur 200 se zyada wing designs par drag aur lift ko measure karne ke liye alag-alag devices banaye. Aakhirkar, unka teesra glider safal hua, jo apne pehle wale models se behtar tha aur aeronautical engineering ke field mein ek bada yogdan diya.
Wright Brothers ne controlled aur powered flight ke issue ko solve karne ke liye mil kar kaam kiya. Unhone yaw control, roll control aur steerable rudder ke liye wing warping ka system develop kiya. 17 December 1903 ko, unhone pehli baar crewed heavier-than-air flight successfully ki, jo modern aviation ka universally recognized start bhi hai. Us din, unhone apne simple aircraft mein total chaar flights ki, jisme se longest flight Wilbur ne ki, jo 852 feet cover kiya 49 seconds mein.
1906 mein, Alberto Santos-Dumont ne Paris mein apne aircraft, “14-bis,” ko 220 meters (lagbhag football field ki do baar lambai) 21.5 seconds mein udakar world record banaya. Unhone wings mein moveable parts incorporate kiye taaki lateral stability mil sake. Baad mein, 1908 mein, unhone Clement-Bayard company ke saath mil kar pehli mass-produced aircraft, Demoiselle No. 19, banana shuru kiya.
Military Se Civilian Aviation Tak ka Evolution
Jab aircraft ka invention hua, tab se hi uska military use shuru ho gaya. Italy pehli country thi jisne military operations ke liye aircraft ka use kiya. Unhone airships aur monoplanes ka use bomb, shell aur transportation ke liye Turkish-Italian War mein Libya mein kiya.
1914 mein, Roland Garros ne apne aircraft mein machine gun attach kiya aur pehle “ace” ban gaye. Agle saal, Kurt Wintgens ne apne fighter plane ke saath machine gun ka use karke apna pehla aerial victory secure kiya.
World War I mein aircraft ka large scale par active combat mein use shuru hua, jo First World War mein decisive role play kiya. France ne war ke dauran leading aircraft manufacturer ban gaya, 1914 se 1918 ke beech 68,000 se zyada airplanes produce kiye. World War II ke dauran, sabhi nations ne aircraft aur flight-based systems ka production aur development badha diya. Military ne fighter bombers, strategic bombers, dive bombers aur ground-attack aircraft ka use kiya.
Radar technology ke invention ne deployment ko zyada precise aur coordinated banaya. 1942 mein, Arado Ar 234, pehla jet-powered bomber launch hua. Second World War ke dauran helicopters ka bhi rapid development hua. War ke end tak, kai cities aur towns mein airports ya landing strips ban gaye. Is dauran, civil aviation ka tremendous growth hua kyunki military aircraft ko personal ya airliner planes mein convert kiya gaya.
Revolutionary aircraft designs, jaise ki Douglas DC-3, ek reliable all-metal passenger airplane tha jisme rubberized seats aur noise-deadening plastic insulation thi, jisne flying ko zyada comfortable aur accessible banaya. Civil flights ke safety, consistency, aur efficiency ko standardize karne ke liye 1944 mein Convention on International Civil Aviation establish kiya gaya. Standardization se civil flights safer aur more affordable ho gayi, aur major carriers ke dwara run ki jaane lagi.
Also read: