Apne apni life me kabi na kabhi poor electricity quality face ki hi hogi, Par kya aap jante hai ki ye hoti kyu hai? Humare ghar me sabhi appliances ko operate krne ke liye stable 230V 50Hz AC ki zarurat padti hai. Ye humare pas, aise bade bade substations me lage, tranformers ke through aati hai. Tranformers, humare ghr me aarhi voltage aur frequency ko maintain krne ki liye bhot zaruri hai, inke overload ho kar garam ho jane se inki efficiency kam ho jati hai.
Iska sabse bada karan hai kisi area ke actual load yani power requirement na pata hona.
Jab koi ek naya meter lagvata hai, toh usse apne ghar ke peak load ko disclose krna hota hai. Jiska matlb hai, ki apko btana hota hai ki apke ghar me jitne bhi electrial appliances hai unki total power consumption kitni hai. Aisa isiliye krte hai taki, Substations, logo ke btaye hue load ke basis pe hi, uss area mein Electrical power ki supply de paye.
Par Ghar ke Appliances ka load ek specific Kilowatt ke upar declare krne se apki electricity unit ki cost bhi badhti hai. Jisse electricity bill bhi zada aata hai. Isse bachne ke liye log apne ghar mein use hone wale peak load ko kam btate hai aur, declare kiye gaye load se zada KW ka use krte hai.
Kyuki logon ne load kam bataya hua hota hai toh, uski waje bijli utility apne equipments ko upgrade nai kr pati, jisse transformers pe load padta hai vo garam ho jate hai. India mein bijli ki chori bhi ek bada issue, iski waje se bhi system pe load padta hai, aur hume power fluctuation dekhne ko milti hai.
Garmiyo ke mausam me ye chiz kayi guna badh jati hai, transformer kafi zada garam ho jate hai, jisse hume zada poor power quality of electricity dekhne ko milte hai. Jab ek transformer band hota hai toh, uska sara load dusre transformer pr padta hai, jisse kuch feeder trip ho jate hai, aur kuch ko toh band hi krna padtha hai.
Issi connection aur disconnections ki vajah se humare ghar pr aa rahi voltage bhi fluctuate krti hai. Jo humare ghr ke sensitive equipment jese ki, AC, fridge, tv aur washing machines jaise appliances ko damage kr skti hai.
Ghar ke 90% electrical appliances sirf over voltage ya voltage spikes ki vajah se hi damage ho jate hai. Toh ye the kuch reasons jisse india mein logon ko poor power quality dekhne ko milti hai.
History
Electricity ke itihaas ko samajhna ek complex process hai kyunki iski jankari kai researchers ke combined efforts se mili hai.
Pehla data static electricity ke baare mein Girolamo Cardano ne 1550 ke aas-paas analyze kiya tha, jab unhone electric aur magnetic forces ke baare mein apne work De Subtilitate mein likha. Lekin, 18th century tak, pehla capacitor, Leyden bottle, develop nahi hua tha. Ye bottle Ewald Georg Von Kleist aur Pieter Van Musschenbroek ne banayi thi.
Baad mein, Benjamin Franklin ne 1752 mein apne kite experiment ke zariye is research ko aage badhaya. Unhone ek chavi ko kite ke dor se baandh diya aur use ek thunderstorm ke dauran uda diya. Chavi ke zariye bijli guzar gayi aur ek light shock create hua, jo yeh prove kar gaya ki static electricity aur light ek hi cheez hain, aur lightning bhi bijli ka ek form hai. Franklin ne apni research ko aage badhaya aur positive aur negative charges ke baare mein naye conclusions tak pahunch gaye.
Bijli ke itihaas mein Nikola Tesla, Thomas Edison, aur Alexander Graham Bell bhi aage aaye, jinhone bijli se related alag-alag research ki. Inke kaam mein induction motor, light bulb, power distribution, pehla electric locomotive, telegraph, telephone, aur telephone industry ka development shamil hai.
Electricity ka Avishkar Kisine Kiya?
June 1752 mein, Benjamin Franklin ne ek tajjub bhari tajurba kiya. Unhone ek metal ka chaabi ek patang ke sath bandha aur use bijli bhare badal ke saath udeya. Jab patang hawa mein thi, to unhone dekha ki bijli ke chamakdar bijliyon ne chaabi se unke haathon tak aati thi, aur damp string (geela dhaaga) ke through unke haathon tak pahuncha.
Ek aur bade scientific qadam tab uthaye gaye jab Leyden jar ko invent kiya gaya. Yeh ek aisi device thi jo static electricity ko store kar sakti thi, jisme positive aur negative dono charges hote hain. Franklin aur C.F. Du Fay ne yeh bhi pehchana ki bijli do tarah ki hoti hai: positive aur negative. Is tareh se, bijli ke concepts ko samajhne mein ek bade advancement hui.
Bijli ko “invent” nahi kiya gaya, balki ye ek physical phenomenon hai jo discover kiya gaya. Isliye, “bijli ka avishkar kisine kiya?” puchhna zyada sahi hai. Thomas Edison ko 1879 mein electricity ka use karne ke liye credit diya jata hai, kyunki unhone ek incandescent light bulb ko light up karne mein safalta paayi. Edison ne bijli ko discover nahi kiya, lekin unhone pehle ke researchers, jaise Alessandro Volta ke voltaic pile (1800) ke upar kaam kiya.
Edison ne long-lasting electric current ko incandescent carbon filament se pass karke ek efficient glass bell ke andar fit kiya, jo street aur houses ko illuminate karne ke liye effective tha.
Bijli aur Insani Vikas
Modern bijli ka access economic development aur human progress ko drive karta hai, aur iska asar productivity, literacy, sanitation, basic services aur communication services par directly hota hai, jaise ki United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) ne demonstrate kiya hai.
Human Development Index (HDI) ek measure hai jo kisi desh ya region ki progress ko assess karta hai. Ye teen indicators ko consider karta hai: life expectancy, education (adult literacy rate aur primary, secondary aur tertiary education enrolments) aur standard of living (gross domestic product per capita aur purchasing power inequality).
HDI aur International Energy Agency ke data ke adhar par, energy consumption aur quality of life ke beech direct relationship paya gaya hai. Yeh dikhaya gaya hai ki Yemen, Senegal, aur Kenya jaise desh is situation se sabse zyada affected hain.
Electricity ke use se innovation bhi badha hai, jo mankind ke development ke liye essential hai. 20th century ki digital revolution ek aisa udaharan hai jo bijli ke badhte use se induced hui.
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