Voltage stabilizers 3 tarah ke aate hai, relay type voltage stabilizer, servo controlled voltage stabilizer aur, static voltage stabilizer.
Servo controlled voltage stabilizer aur static voltage stabilizer industrial areas mein use hote hai. Gharon ke liye zadatar relay type voltage stabilizer ka use hota hai. Stabilizer me voltage detection circuit aur ek auto- transformer ka use kiya jata hai. Mains supply voltage ko AC Transformer ki Primary winding me bheja jata hai, jo usme ek changing magnetic field yani ek magnetic flux generate krta hai.
Ye magnetic flux transformer ke core ke through secondary winding tak jata hai, aur usme voltage generate krta hai. Secondary winding me voltage kitni generate hogi, yeh winding ke number of turns pr depend krta hai. agar hum number of turns badha denge toh voltage badh jaegi, aur kam kr denge to voltage kam ho jaegi.
Secondary winding par multiple tappings placed hoti hain. Jo electrical connection points hote hai, jo transformer ki winding ke turns ke beech mein hote hai. Taping ka use krke transformer ke output par different voltage levels mil jate hai. aur inhi taping ke beech me connection ko change krke voltage ko kam ya zada kiya jata hai. Jab Voltage sensor ke sath laga electronic circuit, Mains supply ki voltage fluctuation detect karta hai, toh ye circuit relay ki tapping ke connection ko change krne ka signal deta hai.
Voltage kam hoti hai toh, relay, taping ki madad se transformer ki winding ke turns ko badha deti hai, jisse voltage badh jati hai. Aur voltage zada hone pe stabilizer aise hi winding ke turns ko kam kr ke voltage ko kam kr deta hai. Isse output par ek stable voltage jati hai, aur connected devices kharab hone sae bachaya jata hai.
History
1955 mein American scientist G.H. Royer ne pehli baar ek transistor DC converter develop kiya, jo magnetic core ki saturation ka istemal karta hai self-oscillation ke liye. Tabse, is technology ka istemal karke kai tarah ke DC converters develop hue hain, jo purane rotating aur mechanical oscillator devices ko replace kar rahe hain, jo short life, poor reliability, aur low conversion efficiency se bhare hue the. Transistor DC converter mein power transistors switching state mein kaam karte hain, jiski wajah se voltage regulator (voltage stabilized power supply) ka output bahut saare groups, variable polarity, high efficiency, chhota size, aur halka wazan hota hai. Is wajah se yeh aerospace aur military electronic equipment mein bahut popular hua.
Lekin us waqt microelectronic technology itni advanced nahi thi, isliye high voltage, high switching speed, aur high power wale transistors produce karna mushkil tha, isliye us period ke DC converters sirf low voltage input ke saath kaam karte the, aur conversion speed bhi zyada nahi hoti thi.
1960 ke dashak mein microelectronics technology ke tezi se vikas ki wajah se high reverse voltage transistors aaye. Tab se DC converter ko directly mains se input diya ja sakta tha, bina kisi power frequency transformer ke, jo voltage ko kam karta. Isne iska application range bahut bada diya. Iske baad, bina power frequency transformer ke switching power supply ka janm hua, jisne volume aur weight dono ko bahut kam kiya. Switching voltage stabilizer ne sach mein high efficiency, chhota size, aur halka wazan achieve kiya.
1970 ke baad high-frequency, high-reverse voltage power transistors, high-frequency capacitors, switching diodes, aur switching transformer cores jaisi components ka tezi se vikas hua, jis wajah se bina power frequency transformer wale switching voltage stabilizers ka vikas hua aur yeh electronic computers, communications, aerospace, color TVs aur dusre fields mein widely used hone lage. Isne switching voltage stabilizer ko power supplies ka leader bana diya.
Voltage Stabilizer ka Zaroorat
Samaj ke tezi se aage badhne ke saath, electrical equipment ki ginti din-ba-din badh rahi hai. Lekin power transmission aur distribution facilities ki aging aur lagging development, aur poor design aur insufficient power supply ki wajah se, end users ka voltage kabhi kabhi bahut low ho jata hai, jabki line users ka voltage zyada hota hai.
Electrical equipment, khaas taur par high-tech aur precision equipment jinka voltage requirement strict hota hai, unke liye yeh ek insurance ki tarah hota hai. Unstable Automatic Voltage Stabilizer se equipment ko fatal damage ya malfunction ho sakta hai, jo production ko affect karta hai aur delivery mein der, unstable quality aur dusre losses ka kaaran banta hai. Iske alawa, yeh equipment ki aging ko tez karta hai, service life ko affect karta hai aur kabhi kabhi accessories ko bhi burn kar deta hai. Is wajah se owners ko maintenance ki zaroorat padti hai ya unhe equipment ko jaldi update karna padta hai, jo resources ka waste hai. Aur serious cases mein safety accidents bhi ho sakte hain, jo immeasurable losses ka kaaran ban sakte hain.